Carbon nanomaterials in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have attracted a great deal of interest for the development of high-efficiency, flexible, and low-cost solar cells. Due to the complicated structure of OPV devices, the electrical properties and dispersion behavior of the carbon nanomaterials should be controlled carefully in order for them to be used as materials in OPV devices. In this paper, a fundamental theory of the electrical properties and dispersion behavior of carbon nanomaterials is reviewed. Based on this review, a state-of-the-art OPV device composed of carbon nanomaterials, along with issues related to such devices, are discussed.

New film forming aromatic poly(amide-imide)s containing isoindoloquinazolinedione (IQ) unit in the backbone chain (polymerXIV) have been successfully synthesized by preparing prepolymers of poly(amic acid-carbonamide), followed by subsequent thermal cyclization of the prepolymers. 4,4′-Diamino-3′-carbamoylbenzanilide (DACB)V has been synthesized by reduction of 3′-carbamoyl-4′-amino-4-nitrobenzanilideIV. The prepolymers of poly(amic-acid-carbonamide) (polymersVII andVIII) which exhibit viscosities ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 dl/g have been prepared by a condensation polymerization of monomers such as BPDA, ODA, and DACB. PolymerXIV has been obtained by thermal cyclization of the polymersVII andVIII. During the thermal cyclization reaction, imide ring structure was first introduced and then transformed to the structure of IQ unit. The thermal degradation rate of the resultant polymers were influenced by the cleavage of amide bond but the final char yield was comparable to that of poly(BPDA-ODA).

The effect of surface treatment at high temperatures on the morphology and mechanical behavior of Torayca T300 carbon fiber is studied. It is found that the surface treatment results in a considerable change in the surface and cross-sectional morphology of the carbon fiber. Accordingly, there arc sizable change in mechanical properties of the fiber: in particular, compressional failure mechanism changes from buckling to simple shear mode as the surface  treatment temperature increases. There is not an apparent relationship between the surface structural parameters such as surface area, pore volume, etc. and the mechanical properties such as tensile and compressive strengths.

For both polyacrylonitrile homopolymer and copolymers(homo- and co-PANs) prepared in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) solution by radical polymerization induced by azo-bis-isobutyronitrile(AIBN), the thermal behavior studied via DSC technique was discussed in relation to the characteristics of polymers. It has been found that for the non-isothermal stabilization of homo-PANs under nitrogen and air atmospheres. the initiation and the maximum temperatures for the stabilization are not influenced by molecular weight and molecular weight distribution characteristics of polymers. However, under isothermal stabilization under air, longer time is required by the polymers with higher content of high molecular weight fraction, i.e. Mw > 3x10^5. It has also been confirmed that the addition of comonomer and air atmosphere favour the stabilization of polymers by lowering the intiation temperature, slowing down the reaction rate, and extending the temperature range within which the stabilization may be completed. From the isothermal stabilization of co-PANs. it was believed that the temperature of 240oC have practical significance.

For both homo-and co-polyacrylonitriles(homo- and co-PAN) prepared in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) solution by radical polymerization induced by azo-bis-isobutyronitrile(AIBN), the reaction kinetics was studied. It has been found that the polymerization rate increases with increasing concentrations of monomer and initiator, and the polymerization temperature, while molecular weight, polydispersity, and high molecular-weight-fraction(over 3x10^5 in Mw) decrease.

The polymerization factors to meet the desired physical properties of  polyacrylonitrile (PAN) spinning dope for on-line spinning were examined, The spinning dope was prepared by solution polymerization in dimethylsulfoxide solution induced by azobis-iso-butyronitrile. The physical properties of the spinning dope could be controlled by manipulating monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and polymerization temperature. At the unusually high monomer concentrations, required in the on-Iine spinning process, the polymerization of PAN exhibited a little deviation from the theoretical prediction

Modified polyethylene terephtale (M-PET) was obtained by copolymerizing dimethyl terephtalate(DMT), ethylene glycol, and dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate(DMS) and antistatic polyester material has been prepared by exposing M-PET containg ferric chloride to pyrrole vapor. The DMS component in M-PET was confirmed by the analysis of IR and NMR spectra. The formation of polypyrrole(PPy) in M-PET matrix was also confirmed by the analysis of IR spectrum. The changes of physical structure due to the insertion of ferric chloride and formation of PPy in M-PET have been investigated by analysing wide-angle X-ray diffraction curves. The surface of the antistatic polyester film showed the continuous phase of granular PPy which was formed through the film thickness The physical properties of antistatic polyester was satisfiable, that was, the tensile strength and the elongation at break retained 80 and 90% of those of M-PET matrix, respectively. But the modulus retained about 60% of M-PET matrix.